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IRF2005会议论文摘要 W26: 环境设计

　更新时间：2005年07月08日 　来源：　作者：

 


第十五届国际道路联盟世界会议 ——会议论文摘要
W26:环境设计      

137 基于计算机的城际高速公路路线规划并兼顾对社会和环境的影响  
作者：Mongkut Piantanakulchai , Sirindhorn International Institute Of Technology,国立法政大学, 泰国

In the country of Thailand, the alignment of intercity motorway is usually planned manually by highway engineering experts. With the growing concerns in social and environmental impacts from road transport worldwide the planning based on engineering viewpoint only may not be socially acceptable. Various impacts including social and environmental impacts should be integrated in the planning process. The priority of each impact is usually expressed by the weight commented from experts. The problem becomes more complex as more number of impacts is considered in the planning. The routing process is generally performed based on few pre-selected feasible routes before selecting the most preferable one. The transparency of the assessment is another concern because the proper framework for multi-criteria assessment and the process to obtain the weights are not widely practiced. This research developed a computer based route alignment-planning tool for a case study of a motorway in Thailand. The data is obtained from the Department of Environmental Quality Promotion (DEQP) and the Department of Highway (DOH). The geographic information system (GIS) was applied to subdivide the analysis area into small grids. The criteria in routing are travel timesavings, construction costs, environmental impacts (such as noise and emission), social impacts (such as community severance, relocation, visual intrusion). These impacts are weighted by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The weights are used in aggregating scores of each layer in GIS together. Several route optimization criteria were empirically tested such as maximizing the linear aggregated weighted impact, ideal point method, etc. The result from the analysis is compared with the route selected by experts. The program could generate feasible routes that is optimum based on the criteria set and could be finely adjusted by the decision maker. The benefit of using the computer-based method over the conventional planning method is empirically assessed by comparing positive and negative impacts calculated from both methods.

138 在环境敏感地区改善道路整体状况的建议  
作者：Jacobo Díaz Pineda, Asociación Española de la Carretera, 西班牙

This paper presents and justifies the increasing technical consciousness over the environmental implications involved in the planning, building and operation of road networks.

This commitment on the part of engineers, which is being reflected in the systematic application of environmental impact assessment methodologies, the design of so-called permeable roads, the selection of least-harmful corridors and the improved training for technical staff, etc. are nevertheless coming up against dysfunctions, problems and areas with room for improvement which all need to be tackled in the shortest possible timeframe.

In this respect, the current rationale is that there are particularly sensitive natural spaces where application of the traditional environmental methodologies are not enough to guarantee adequate compatibility.

In a scenario such as this, it becomes advisable to set the bases for reinforcing the interdisciplinary work teams and for developing the right management tools to be able to advance along the path towards safeguarding national resources in general and the territory's most sensitive areas in particular, without decreasing the possibilities for the safe mobility of individuals and goods.

This is what user demand entails and this must form the commitment taken on by planners, builders and conservation agents. The paper endeavours to respond to and provide solutions within this action framework from the engineering standpoint.

139 景观道路  
作者：Aniceto Zaragoza Ramírez, Asociación Española de la Carretera, 西班牙

The importance of the landscape-road relation has become increasingly evident in recent years insofar as it helps to bring city dwellers closer to Nature and to enhance the necessary public awareness of the environment. In response to a growing demand for natural spaces in which city dwellers can spend their leisure time, road infrastructure is destined to constitute a significant pointer for discovering the countryside. Consequently it is more and more necessary for road design to take into account environmental factors and especially the scenic determinants.

One aspect to be taken into account in the use of linear infrastructure is an awareness of the fact that it is an inherent feature of the landscape, as also the analysis of how the linear infrastructure integrates into the scenery. Thus, roads can first be referred to in terms of forming part of the landscape and, secondly, as an element allowing observers to have a closer look at the scenery.

This paper is designed to draw up a set of recommendations for determining the scenic value of roads and for the design, construction and operation of scenic roads.

140 加泰罗尼亚的结点设计标准  
作者：Pablo Nobell, Canales Y Puertos, 西班牙

The current level of motorisation in Spain has enforced action on the entire road network and essentially on interchanges, junctions and similar. The regulations in force in Spain for junctions date from 1967, from 1968 for interchanges and from 1989 for roundabouts. As new State-wide legislation is currently at the drafting stage, it is a matter of considerable interest to understand the contributions that can be made from Spain's Regional Governments.

The construction of expressways and motorways has given rise to a large number of split-level interchanges that are analysed in this paper. But the greatest action has been in semi-urban areas, given the fact that the Catalonia Region has a higher population density than the rest of Spain and concentrated along the coastal area, which has given rise to the construction of a considerable number of roundabouts as the ideal solution. Experimentation concerning their morphology, design and capacity calculations has allowed the regulations to be improved. Three types of studies were involved. The first produced some general implementation criteria, the second, a geometrical design manual and, finally, the third, guidelines for their design and planning. A comparison between these guidelines and the equivalent French, English and Spanish guidelines is the subject of this paper.

141 补偿措施和基础设施项目。栖息地保护公约92/43/EAC的执行情况  
作者：Luis Ramajo Rodriguez, Gestion De Infraestructuras De Andalucia, 西班牙

The European Union Habitats Directive (92/43/CEE) on the conservation of natural habitats and wild flora and fauna provides that for the carrying out of any plan, programme or project deemed of public interest that may negatively affected the areas and habitats included in the Natura 2000 Network, all the necessary compensatory measures should be adopted to guarantee the global coherence of the Natura 2000 Network.

The wide extension of this future Network of Community Spaces and its coincidence with areas where there is generally a shortage of infrastructures, will imply, no doubt, the adoption of compensatory measures, additional to those preventive and corrective within the new infrastructure projects. The determination of the extension and contents of these measures requires a continuous task of coordination and agreement among the environmental bodies.

A good example of this is the highway Jerez-Los Barrios, where an ambitious Programme of Compensatory Measures is being applied, including several studies on sensitive species and habitats, and specific preservation, regeneration and creation actions within the new habitats.