IRF2005会议论文摘要 W23: 环境管理 II
更新时间：2005年07月08日 来源： 作者：
第十五届国际道路联盟世界会议 ——会议论文摘要
W23: 环境管理 II
124 透水性路面参考手册
作者：Mamoru Kagata, 日本道路承包商协会, 日本
Unlike conventional pavements, permeable pavement stores, rainwater in the pavement structure temporarily; however, some properties such as durability of the pavement and its performances have not been elucidated, there is little specific technical data, especially on the traffic lane of roadways.
Therefore, “Guidebook on Permeable Pavement” was compiled and containing technical data obtained so far concerning the planning, design, materials, construction and performances of permeable pavements from the viewpoint of the paving contractors, to be used for experimental and/or actual construction in the future.
This paper presents the contents of this Guidebook.
Chapter 1 Generally gives the concept of permeable pavement, which is defined as “pavement into which rainwater can infiltrate or is the pavement that has a structure capable of storing rainwater temporarily” and the basic pattern of drainage is specified.
Chapter 2 describes the design conditions, target design life period and planned traffic volume, as well as the essential performance indexes of the pavement: the number of vehicle passages resulting in fatigue failure, rut depth, longitudinal profile, and permeable water quantity.
As performance indexes to be elaborated as necessary, it describes the temporarily stored rainwater quantity, noise reduction, and skid resistance.
All these items are to be considered during the planning stage.
Chapter 3 describes the structure of permeable pavement, structural design, permeability design, the design of the infiltration and storage facility, and finally the validation of this design.
Chapter 4 describes the required material properties such as erosion resistance relating to the performance requirement for the asphalt and concrete materials used for permeable pavement.
Chapter 5 outlines considerations when executing the work for each layer of the permeable pavement, as well as examples of pavement structures and photographs of the works during execution.
Chapter 6 describes typical methods for verifying the performance indexes such as the number of vehicle passages resulting in fatigue failure, rut depth, longitudinal profiles, permeable water quantity, temporarily stored rainwater quantity, and tire/road surface-noise. Examples of these indexes to be monitored are also given.
125 在居民区使用汽车减速路拱－噪声污染产生的影响
作者：Nikolaos Eliou, University of Thessaly Greece , 希腊
The aim of this paper is to investigate the environmental impacts, by means of noise pollution, which is caused by the use rubber speed bumps and humps in residential areas.
Five different speed patterns were used (15, 30, 40, 50, 60 km/h), to take into account all the possible passing speeds. Different types of vehicles (passenger cars, light lorries, motorcycles) were used, following the same tracks, in order to measure their percentage contribution to noise pollution.
A comparative analysis, with and without bumps, was carried out to demonstrate the influence of the use of speed bumps on the noise pollution, especially in high passing speeds.
126 分形墙
作者：Peyrard Didier , Somaro Company, 法国
The rules and regulations that govern road construction projects pertaining to legal noise reduction obligations and the increase in road traffic noise are key issues for owners and contractors alike, who together endeavor to find technical solutions to cut noise and improve comfort for neighboring residents.
Over the last few years, technical solutions focused on noise-reflecting barriers and embankments. Studies and experiments in situ helped us improve our understanding so that research has now begun to focus on noise absorbing barriers.
Somaro, a subsidiary of COLAS, teamed up with Professor Sapoval (Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan ) to design a new high performance noise barrier. Research specialists have been studying the properties of irregular shaped objects for the last few years. This type of object is very common in nature and many questions have been asked pertaining to their vibratory properties: how do trees behave in windy weather? How do waves depend on the topography of the geometric structure of the coastline and seawalls?
Professor Sapoval’s research teams recently determined how the absorption of resonators depends on their shape. To modelize very irregular shapes, physicists use Fractal Geometry. Therefore, drums and acoustic cavities with fractal shapes, and generally speaking resonators with “jagged” shapes, can offer higher absorption than ordinary irregular or smooth shapes. These studies led to the design of a new type of barrier whose morphology combines moldable and demoldable geometry along with the absorbing properties of the materials used.
To validate the mathematical concept, a prototype was built with a surface morphology composed of cones and truncated pyramids in a repetitive pattern. The test results obtained in a noise chamber (in compliance with European Standards) made it possible to put the new barrier in the “very high absorption” category, with unequaled results in low frequency noise reduction. High level results of this type, combined with an attractive sales price, should satisfy many customers in their search for noise reduction on freeways, tunnels, etc.
127 具有不同表面声阻抗的道路声屏障插入损耗调查
作者：Hongyang Wu, 交通部, 中国
Transportation noise pollution is an important role in sustainable urban transportation system. It changes with traffic volume, running speed, vehicle types and road conditions etc. Road barrier is a better measure to decrease the noise pollution. In the past, because of the limit of theory method, calculation of Insertion loss was always focus on reflective barrier. Absorptive surface was considered for improving the insertion loss without increase the height of barrier in practice, but the relationship of insertion loss and surface impedance hasn’t been established. In this paper, insertion loss of barrier with different surface impedance was calculated by IBEM, which was installed along the single or double roadside. The relationship of insertion loss and surface impedance was established at 400Hz (the equivalent frequency of transportation noise). Moreover, some conclusions were presented: the additional attenuation was less than 1dB when road barrier which was installed along single roadside changed from reflective to absorptive surface; the additional attenuation was about 2~5dB when road barrier which was installed along double roadside changed from reflective to absorptive surface; 3.5 was the most adaptive value of opposite normal sound impedance for improving the insertion loss by changing the barrier surface from reflective to absorptive surface. At last, the insertion loss figures of road barrier were presented including reflective, absorptive surface and their additional attenuation.
