IRF2005会议论文摘要 W15: 安全与环境管理
更新时间：2005年07月04日 来源： 作者：
第十五届国际道路联盟世界会议 ——会议论文摘要
W15:安全与环境管理
077 自我平衡主观风险理论
作者：Aniceto Zaragoza Ramírez, Asociación Española De La Carretera, 西班牙
Over recent decades a radical change has taken place in the way the problem of road safety is conceived and consequently in intervention strategies. From a model based on regulation enforcement and on an active policy of road operation and maintenance we have gone to a planning model in which risk has become an intrinsic management variable. We have a better understanding of the complex mechanism involved in how accidents work and can therefore act a priori. The generalisation of schemes for road safety auditing is a good example of this change that has taken place in road authorities across a large part of the world and the rise in accountability – at least in the moral context - on the part of the public section of the system.
One of the errors associated with the process of planned road safety lies in the discovery of the unlimited or virtually unlimited possibilities for controlling some of the behaviour patterns and especially those associated with speeding. We could confirm that on many occasions the truth of the zero speed:zero mortality equation is rediscovered. These types of road safety policy overlook the concept of sustainability, or what the author defined as "accomplished" safety policies, as it is only when user desires or expectations are reasonably accomplished that we can refer to a sustainable road safety environment. In other cases, accident migrations or new risk figures come into play to replace earlier accident rate schemes.
This accomplished safety environment needed to be coherent with the other constant risk models also known as the homeostatic risk theory which are such well consolidated psychological models. The paper develops the relationship existing between the homeostatic risk theory and the accomplished safety theory and notes the chief lines of research into the design and operation of road infrastructure in such a way that the best provision of facilities is not offset, or virtually offset, by new risk behaviour patterns on the part of users.
078 欧盟关于跨欧洲道路网络中隧道安全规定的实施结果和西班牙隧道的具体案例
作者：Rafael López Guarga, Ministry Of Development, 西班牙
The European Commission's white paper on transport policy lays down the need to plan a European Directive harmonising the minimum safety regulations to be enforced, setting up the conditions capable of guaranteeing a high level of safety for users of tunnels, particularly those on the trans-European network.
The Community Directive on Tunnel Safety drawn up by the European Commission's Directorate General for Energy and Transport was passed in April, 2004 and imposes a set of organisational and technical obligations for the tunnels over 500 m long located along the trans-European road network.
On the technical side, the Directive deals with safety measures and lays down sixteen parameters, which must be taken into account at the time of defining both the safety measures and safety equipment to be used (length, number of tubes, geometry, traffic, accesses, geographical setting, etc.).
It sets up a series of obligations and recommendations affecting structural measures, lighting, ventilation, SOS posts, hydrant network, signing, control centre, monitoring systems, tunnel closure equipment, communication systems, emergency power supply and equipment fire-resistance.
In areas where the Directive commands requisites that are expensive and difficult to implement in existing tunnels, it allows other measures to be adopted always provided the relevant prior risk analysis study has been carried out.
The Safety Documentation will define the preventive and safeguarding measures necessary for ensuring user safety before the tunnel is put into service which organising parties must guarantee, the human and material resources to be deployed and the instructions which must be issued by the managing party to ensure the measures are working correctly and properly maintained. A further requirement will consist of drawing up a Safety and Intervention Plan covering all possible emergency scenarios, while regular practice drills for major tunnels will be advisable and even indispensable.
In the particular case of Spain, 38 tunnels are currently in service on toll-free motorways and expressways forming part of the trans-European road network and are affected by the Directive. Its application calls for a specific examination on a case-by-case basis.
079 欧洲交通安全标准EN1317在车辆约束系统中的应用
作者：Bernd Wolfgang Wink, Volkmann & Rossbach GMBH & Co. KG, 德国
Road Safety is based on 3 Pillars which are Education-driven Vehicle-driven Infrastructure-driven
Infrastructural Road Safety The new EU-Norm EN 1317 is based on performance regardless of design, material or dimensions
Transfer of performance-related Norms for Safety Barriers into National Installation Guidelines.
A demonstration on behalf of a Flow-Chart based on a -uniform Terminology of dangers and hazards on our roads and -minimum levels (thresholds) for the application of Vehicle Restraint Systems according to EN 1317
Target and Outlook - on European Level Aiming to increase the overall level of Road Safety in the CEN-Member States with focus on the reduction of the fatality rate by means of application of the most suitable Vehicle Restraint Systems on our Road Net Work
- on World Level Identifying comparable concepts for the up-grading of Infrastructural Road Safety in other regions of the globe and their integration into an achievable and sustainable “world concept” for the Improvement of Infrastructural Road Safety for the sake of all of us!
080 事故易发地点道路安全手册新编
作者：Shigeo Murata , 国家土地和基础设施管理学院, 日本
In order to make the countermeasures effective and efficient, the knowledge and know-how about the accident analyses were arranged. The examples of the accident analyses and the countermeasures in Hazardous Spots Projects conducted since 1996 have been collected, and for each road characteristic and type of accident, the causes of accidents and countermeasures to deal with these causes were analyzed, then the results of the above work were used to prepare the road safety manual.
The major features of the road safety manual are (1) it is prepared based on actual analyses of causes of accidents in the hazardous spots, (2) it clarifies causes of accidents and countermeasures linked primarily to the road structure and to the traffic environment, and (3) it presents a table of causes of accidents that can be used as a check list by managers responsible for countermeasure planning to perform diagnoses efficiently when they are inspecting the hazardous spots.
081 “Jerez - Los Barrios A-381双向道路在穿越Los Alcornocales生态公园时方案的设计和执行，以及在此过程中所考虑的环境因素，包括预防和改正措施
作者：Juan Antonio Díez De Dios, Gestión de Infraestructuras de Andalucía, 西班牙
Dual-carriageway A – 381 Jerez - Los Barrios constitutes a natural link between Algeciras and Jerez de la Frontera, first rank urban areas of Andalucia, and it is meant to work as an axis of big capacity for the connections between the Bay of Algeciras and the Bay of Cadiz – Marco de Jerez, as well as a natural access inland and a point of union between Europe and Africa. From its more than 90 km course, 60 kms. are already finished and the other 30 km are still under construction.
The fact that the dual-carriageway runs through spaces with high ecological value and specially sensitive areas from the environmental point of view such as the la Laguna de Medina (Medina’s Small Lake) (protected area and ZEPA zone) and Los Alcornocales Natural Park, considered one of the best cork oak grove in the world (170,025 Ha), that is crossed in almost 40 km has lead to make a big effort in the layout in order to be able to fit the demanding requirements established in the Environmental Impact Statement of the Informative Survey.
The requirements and solutions adopted not only in the project but also in the works have been described in this report. The preventive and corrective measures have also been applied, complying with the demanding Environmental Impact Statement for which it is developed, during the Works, the Plan of Environmental Supervision carried out by a team consisting of the experts of the Natural Park, the Works managers and the construction companies.
The average investment foreseen for environmental actions in all the sections of the dual-carriageway reaches almost100 million euros. That means 30%, of the investment foreseen for the Dual-carriageway A-381 that totals 313 million euros.
082 西班牙省一级道路网为降低环境噪音所采取的道路规划方法学细则
作者：Fernando Segués, Centro de Estudios de Técnicas Aplicadas del CEDEX, 西班牙
The aim of the EU-Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise is to provide a framework for the assessment of the exposure to environmental noise in the Member States. With common noise indicators and common assessment methods for environmental noise, the results shall be presented as strategic noise mapping. These strategic noise maps shall represent the assessment of noise exposure of inhabitants in a given area or for overall predictions for such an area and, furthermore, be the basis of the action plans and the reduction of environmental noise.
The Spanish Directorate General of Roads has to elaborate, in a first level, maps of roads which has more than 6 million vehicle passages a year. This means more than 6000 km of the road state network.
This presentation shows the results of the studies made by CEDEX and the Directorate General of Roads of the Ministry of Public Works about the development of strategic maps of noise.
